But gearheads also get a kick out of the work that goes into creating cars.
So if you want to know more about the 2009 Z4, BMW is happy to oblige with a couple of Web videos.
In one video, Z4 exterior designer Juliane Blasi explains how she wanted the car to be “emotional and sexy” and to speak the language of people, not just be a product.
The other video details the various types of punishment BMW heaped on Z4 prototypes to make it road-ready.
Interested? You can find the videos here: www.bmw-web.tv/en/channel/new
Egan was working for the J. Gordon Lippincott design firm after World War II when it was hired to help design the Tucker Sedan. Egan moved to Chicago to work on the Tucker design team. Tucker chief designer Alex Tremulis later hired Egan to work at Tucker Corp. Only 51 Tuckers were built.
Egan chronicled the development of the Tucker in a book, "Design and Destiny, the Making of the Tucker Automobile." He was also hired as a consultant for a 1988 movie about Preston Tucker and his car, "Tucker: The Man and His Dream." The movie was produced by George Lucas and directed by Francis Ford Coppola.
After leaving Tucker, Egan worked as a senior designer for Sears in Chicago, with a focus on household appliances. He later ran his own design practice in Chicago, then joined the Walter Landor and Associates design firm in California.
In addition to his Tucker book, Egan wrote three books for young readers. He had recently finished a history of the 20th century, told in an anecdotal style, which has yet to be published.
Egan is survived by his wife, Virginia Egan, two daughters, and several grandchildren and great-grandchildren.
At Egan's request, no funeral will be held. In lieu of flowers, the family requests donations to Doctors Without Borders.(autoweek.com)
That's when Fisker announced it was bringing a new concept to the Detroit show and gave a peek at it--a photo that shows the right side of the concept, including the door and front wheel. Prominent on the front quarter panel is the name Sunset.
Fisker did not give up any other details about the concept. But the photo also appears the reveal the lack of a B-pillar behind the driver's seat--which could be a signal that the Sunset is a convertible. (autoweek.com)
Does telepathy exist in the automotive industry? Arch rivals BMW and Mercedes-Benz are showing two SUV concepts that are—at least partly—technological clones.
There is certainly no mistaking the boxy Mercedes GLK with BMW's well-established X5, but the technology under the skin of BMW's X5 Vision diesel hybrid concept and Mercedes' Vision GLK BlueTec hybrid is similar.
The GLK hybrid concept uses a 2.2-liter four-cylinder turbo-diesel with the jointly developed hybrid module that incorporates start/stop functionality along with an electric motor that provides additional thrust as well as regenerative braking. However, the GLK can’t propel itself under electric power only, unlike many hybrids. There shouldn’t be many complaints about the power, though, with a combined output of 221 horsepower and 413 pound-feet of torque.
That translates into a claimed 0-to-62-mph time of 7.3 seconds, a top speed of 134 mph, and Euro-cycle mileage of 39.8 mpg. Acceleration and consumption are even better than in BMW's concept, but remember that the GLK is a smaller SUV comparable in size to a BMW X3 and that this GLK is rear-wheel drive only. The X5 concept has all-wheel drive.
Although the electric module is virtually identical, the diesel engine in the GLK concept is a milestone for Mercedes. It’s a preview of a new diesel-engine family that will have four-cylinder and six-cylinder variations. The new engines will be rolled out starting in 2009.
Like BMW, Mercedes says its hybrid technology won't be confined to SUVs.
BMW X5 Vision Diesel Hybrid Concept - Auto Shows
Rethinking the cylinder count.
BY JENS MEINERS February 2008
Let’s be honest: A four-cylinder engine is not something you want in a large SUV or off-roader. You need at least a six-cylinder to move with any authority. Better yet, a V-8.
The motor works of Munich in Bavaria are out to change that perception, showing us that even in a crossover such as the X5 a four-cylinder oil burner is sufficient when mated to an electric motor tiny enough to fit into the transmission case. The X5 Vision concept is part of BMW’s “Efficient Dynamics” strategy designed to offer performance while reducing fuel consumption and carbon-dioxide emissions.
The X5 Vision at the 2008 Geneva auto show uses the automaker’s newest turbo-diesel engine—the twin-turbocharged 2.0-liter four that has impressed us in smaller BMWs and that makes 201 horsepower on its own. The small electric motor is rated for an additional 20 horsepower.
In the torque department, the X5 Vision is ahead of the 260-hp X5 3.0si, which makes 225 pound-feet at 2750 rpm. The turbo-diesel four delivers 295 pound-feet at 2000 rpm. The electric motor produces another 155 pound-feet. You can’t add them up, as the electric motor reaches its torque peak at a different rpm than the diesel. But this hybrid should definitely launch with zeal.
As a mild hybrid, the X5 Vision doesn't run on just electric power. But the extra boost takes you north of 130 mph, and the SUV can do 0-to-60 mph in a claimed 8.9 seconds while delivering an impressive 36 mpg. Yes, it is a four, but in a diesel, the number of cylinders is not as relevant as are torque and efficiency.
Mated to an Eight-Speed Automatic
The mild-hybrid powertrain was co-developed with the former DaimlerChrysler. Mercedes is using the system with its seven-speed automatic transmission; BMW has decided to mate the hybrid technology to a ZF eight-speed automatic.
BMW is betting on mild and two-mode full hybrids simultaneously. BMW partnered with DaimlerChrysler and General Motors on the two-mode system. Next year, BMW will launch the X6 hybrid with a two-mode system that will have an electric motor that makes about 65 horsepower. The mild-hybrid package is set for production as well—but not in an X5. We hear it will first come in a gasoline-powered sedan, likely the all-new PAS (for "progressive activity sedan"), which will be based on the next-generation 5-series.
A side note: The European version of the full-hybrid Lexus RX400h gets just 29 mpg in Europe. Granted, at 272 horsepower it is more powerful than BMW’s X5 concept. But BMW proves that a mild hybrid can top a full hybrid’s mileage if the package is right. This sufficiently powerful and advanced concept is a compromise that many drivers would be able to live with—although we’d selfishly prefer the concept wheels on a crossover with a V-8.
The exciting new Ford Ka makes its global debut at the 2008 Paris Motor Show. It replaces the iconic original Ford Ka, which brought new levels of style and enjoyment to the small-car market when it was launched in 1996.
The new Ford Ka retains all of the qualities which made the Ford Ka brand so popular – compact size, great looks, lively dynamics and fun personality – but presents them in a fresh new package.
With its striking interior and exterior design, outstanding dynamics and unique character, the Ford Ka sets a new standard for affordable small cars. Practical, safe, cheap to run, and friendly to the environment, this bold new model starts a new chapter of the Ford Ka success story.
Production of the new Ford Ka commences in the autumn of 2008, and the vehicle will go on sale in most major European markets in late 2008/early 2009.
Stylish and fashionable
With the introduction of new Ka, Ford has extended its kinetic design language to the smallest car range.
The new vehicle has a stylish, fashionable appearance which combines Ford’s latest design thinking with some of the youthful and cheeky spirit which made the original Ford Ka so popular.
Designed for a young target audience who enjoy making a bold statement in their choice of car, the new Ford Ka has the same compact proportions as its predecessor, but with a chunky and expressive style all of its own.
A number of visual cues from the outgoing car ensure that the new design is recognisably a Ford Ka, yet it has the dynamic qualities which mark it out as a member of the kinetic design family.
Bold, colourful interior
The interior of the new Ford Ka has a stylish, dynamic design, just like the exterior. The same kinetic design philosophy used to shape the body is applied inside the vehicle, ensuring that the fresh and modern character of the external design is matched by the interior style.
Bold contrasts and expressive colours have been deliberately chosen to reflect the more adventurous tastes of the typical Ford Ka customer. These are combined with some imaginative design details to give the interior a fashionable and fun personality which is quite unique in the B-car segment.
The new Ford Ka is practical too, with generous interior space and comfortable accommodation for four adults and their belongings. The high seating position, carefully placed controls and excellent visibility make the Ford Ka a pleasure to drive for drivers of all ages.
Exciting driving dynamics
The original Ford Ka was renowned for its go-kart like handling, and the new Ka has been designed to be just as fun and rewarding to drive, with the most exciting driving dynamics of any small car.
Ford’s own chassis engineering experts have tuned the suspension, steering, and chassis, with the same meticulous attention to detail which has made Ford a leader in vehicle dynamics.
Final testing was conducted using a combination of public roads, proving grounds and race tracks – including the legendary Nürburgring in Germany.
During the engineering process, information was exchanged with the team developing the new Ford Fiesta, and certain components, such as the tyres, were jointly developed for both models.
Economical and environmentally friendly
The affordable new Ford Ka is designed to be both cheap to run and kind to the environment. It uses two economical, low emission engines: a 1.2-litre 69 PS Duratec petrol engine and, for the first time on Ford Ka, a 1.3-litre 75 PS Duratorq TDCi turbodiesel.
Both petrol and diesel models are available with sub-120g/km CO2 emissions.
The 1.2-litre petrol model, which is expected to be the largest seller in the new range, has cut fuel consumption by 21 per cent compared to the previous 1.3-litre Ford Ka.
The diesel model – available on the Ford Ka for the first time – improves economy still further, achieving a combined fuel consumption of 4.2 litres/100km.
Safe and secure
The new Ford Ka may be a small vehicle, but it has been engineered to meet Ford’s strict in-house safety design guidelines.
At the heart of the vehicle is the bodyshell, which has been developed to provide an incredibly strong, stable crash structure to protect passengers in case of an accident.
The bodyshell is combined with an Intelligent Protection System (IPS), which integrates airbags, restraint systems and seating technologies to provide a highly effective occupant safety system.
Ford Ka choice
The new Ford Ka is available in two series – Ambiente and Titanium – each offering an outstanding combination of value and equipment. To complement these two models, there are a number of carefully tailored option packs to provide customers with maximum choice when specifying their vehicle.
Specify the Bluetooth-enabled Connectivity Kit, and the Ford Ka comes equipped with Bluetooth® mobile phone connectivity, a USB port to play music files through the sound system and steering wheel controls.
Combine this with one of the superb six-speaker CD sound systems, and the new Ford Ka provides all the necessary equipment to keep its passengers connected and entertained.
Unique among vehicles in the small-car segment, the new Ford Ka also offers heated windscreen and heated seats, invaluable for safe and comfortable driving in cold winter conditions.
Development and production
The new Ford Ka has been developed as part of a common project with Fiat. The vehicle is produced at the modern Fiat manufacturing plant in Tychy, Poland, sharing the production line with the Fiat 500 model.
Ford Ka history
The original Ford Ka was launched at the Paris Motor Show in 1996. It was immediately acclaimed for its exciting “New Edge” styling and for bringing new levels of driving enjoyment to the class.
Sales soon took off across Europe, and the Ford Ka gained the popularity which has stayed with it throughout its lifetime, with a total of over 1,460,000 vehicles produced. In the UK alone, the Ford Ka has found 500,000 customers, and has been segment leader since 2000.
New derivatives, such as the exciting Ford StreetKa and Ford SportKa models expanded the Ka family, and helped to broaden and reinforce the model’s appeal.
The Ford Ka has inspired tremendous loyalty amongst its customers, with many owners coming back to the model time and time again. Based on Ford research, Ford Ka customers have the highest customer brand loyalty of any Ford model.
An all new, British-built, Toyota Avensis will make its world debut on 2 October 2008 at the fashionable Paris motor show.
Taking centre stage on the Toyota stand Avensis has a sleek design that reflects the car's strong and dynamic character.
New Toyota Avensis is the third generation of the model to be built at the Burnaston plant in Derbyshire. Due to go on sale in January 2009 it features engines that are both more powerful and emit less CO2, a crucial factor in today's new car market, and it retains the high quality, refinement and equipment levels that are an established Toyota Avensis hallmark. Full details and pricing will be announced later in the year
Joining new Toyota Avensis will be two other new cars due on sale in early next year: The diminutive Toyota iQ and rugged Toyota Urban Cruiser, both showcased in design concept form at the Geneva motor show earlier this year, appear in Paris in final production trim.
The State of the Car Loan Industry
In addition to lows recorded in residential housing construction and retail sales, the US is also experiencing the weakest car sales period since 1981. Car dealers are experiencing a fifteen to twenty-five percent decrease in new car sales this quarter and, without a caped crusader to come to the rescue, sales will likely continue to slip. The central issue is the rapid decrease in the availability of car loans and most other forms of credit.
Qualifying for a New Car Loan
Due to the credit crunch, to qualify for a car loan, you now need an above average FICO score. An acceptable score to qualify for a loan is now 750. As a result, approximately 20 percent fewer auto loan applications are being approved this year compared to last year. The FICO score is the most popular credit scoring instrument which banks and other lending institutions use to approve credit, set interest rates, set collateral, and quantify income and assets. Despite lower interest rates, lenders are making the terms of car loans longer, up to eight years for premium models, and insisting on higher down payments, to make more money on each loan.
Deeper into the Wormhole
GM is losing 12,000 sales per month due to lack of credit. Credit is indispensable to the buying habits of Americans and the rising number of defaults in every category of consumer credit threatens the existence of the private loan market. As the credit freeze quickly paralyzes commerce, desperate times call for desperate measures. The US Treasury recently added car loans, student loans and credit card debt to the list of endangered species on its bailout list. The ambitious size of the plan will give Wall Street a psychological boost and infuse the "on-the-ropes" credit market with a will to live.
Advice for New Car Buyers
For those who must experience the intoxicating aroma of a new car's interior, take every measure to part with as little money as you can by considering the following :
- Know how much car you can afford. Beyond the monthly payment, can you afford the other expenses of owning the vehicle over its lifetime, such as insurance, maintenance and tires? If you are financing, learn the total you will be paying for the vehicle including tax, principle, and interest.
- Always negotiate a purchase price based on the dealer invoice price, not the sticker or MSRP.
- Research any dealer discounts and rebates that may be available. Dealers will often not tell you about these.
- Try to make a substantial down payment.
- Defer the purchase of a new car until you can pay cash.
- Consider buying a previously owned vehicle.
- Drive your current vehicle until the wheels fall off.
Get the Most for Your Dollar.
Convenience is expensive, and nowhere is that more true than the convenience of buying on credit. Credit is a precarious seductress, ruinous in the hands of the reckless. Use it wisely and follow the following tips :
- Opt for a shorter term for your new car loan and plan on keeping the car beyond the point when you pay off the loan, resulting in several years of no car payments and lower insurance rates.
- Pay off your car loan sooner. (check for prepayment penalties)
- Buy a model which keeps its value better. Trade-in value is currently very low. With housing values tumbling, consumer confidence is down, and resale car values are diminished.
- Leasing is the easiest way to throw your money away.
- Decrease your reliance on credit.
The Bailout's Effect on the Credit Crunch
According to the Los Angeles Times, it is unlikely that the bailout will cause an instantaneous resurrection of the credit market. Optimistically, experts believe that the bailout will achieve its primary goal; it will avert a complete implosion of the US financial system. Experts predict that the fear that has gripped the credit market may take a while to dissipate. Over the next few weeks, the hoarding of cash in the financial matrix should decrease and result in the appearance of increasing rates of return on some "no risk" Treasury instruments. There is little in the way of a "Plan B" if this does not happen.
Solar Cars Are Here
Even though hybrid vehicles have been embraced for providing a degree of fuel efficiency and decreased emissions, automobile manufacturers seeking even more eco-friendly transportation solutions are exploring technologies such as solar power and plug-in recharging. Solar has several technological leaps to vault before being applied to the mass production of economical passenger cars, but experimental vehicles have been rolling for years as researchers push solar cell technology to new limits.
A symbolic gesture is what many are calling the planned option of a solar panel embedded in the roof of premium trims of the 2009 Toyota Prius. The array would mainly aid the air conditioning system. The implementation of an efficient and affordable system for using solar power to propel a production vehicle is still a long way off, but the use of solar power, although minimal, is a landmark for a production vehicle.
The Holy Grail of fuel efficiency for Toyota is to configure its 2009 Prius to get 80 miles per gallon. One of the technologies necessary to achieve this goal is the use of lithium-ion batteries which have a higher energy density than the nickel metal hydride (NiMH) battery pack the Prius currently uses. Toyota is also planning to release a number of plug-in Prius fleet vehicles powered by lithium ion batteries. The combination of hybrid drive, lithium ion batteries, and plug-in charging will allow these vehicles to run longer and faster to possibly achieve Toyota's goal of 80 mpg.
Solar Electrical Vehicles develops and manufactures solar panel recharging modules for the 2004 to 2007 Toyota Prius, Highlander, RAV4 EV, and Ford Escape Hybrid. The modules generate 215 watts of supplemental energy which extends the range and fuel efficiency of hybrids and EVs. Some manufacturers like Tesla Motors and Venturi have developed other solar powered applications for vehicles. Venturi's latest innovation is the Astrolab, an electric-solar hybrid that went into commercial production in January 2008. Recharging occurs either by plugging into a home outlet or by solar energy even while driving. Another interesting application of solar power is a plan by Tesla Motors to partner with SolarCity to develop a home roof-mounted photovoltaic system to charge their Roadster. Such a system would decrease the reliance on the home electrical system.
The photovoltaic cell or solar cell is a sandwich of two semiconductors which produce an electrical current when exposed to radiant energy. Methods to increase the output of these devices include the use of nanoprisms to focus the sun's rays, thinner materials, and the use of highly-ordered arrays of titania nanotubes. The efficiency of a solar cell is designated as a percent of light that hits it that is converted into electricity. The output of a solar cell is measured in watts or kilowatts. The multijunction photovoltaic cell is one of the devices that promise the highest efficiency with projected values from 30 to 60%. The Nuna4 won the World Solar Challenge in 2007 using an array of multifunction photovoltaic cells with an efficiency of over 26% and a speed of 88.2 mph.
Smart Car: A Cute Passing Trend - or Something Much More?
The Smart Car from the Micro Compact Car Company, a subsidiary of Daimler-Chrysler, is a revolutionary new vehicle that has people lining up to purchase it in over 25 different countries. It began as a joint venture between Mercedes-Benz and the Swatch watch company in 1994. As of 2005, after Swatch had pulled out of the venture, Daimler-Chrysler bought 50 percent of Boblingen, Germany-based minicar manufacturer. Today, over 750,000 units have been sold worldwide.
Vehicle Size:
The most obvious characteristic of the Smart Car is its tiny size. Overall dimensions for the base-model Smart Car are only 106.1 x 61.38 x 60.71 inches (length x width x height). It's the smallest car in the world! The 45.4 cubic feet of passenger volume offers 39.7 inches of headroom (as much as most luxury vehicles); 41.2 inches of legroom; 48 inches of shoulder room and 45.4 inches of hip room.
While things are kept snug, the Smart Car provides enough comfort for passengers to enjoy the ride - and save like mad on gasoline costs. There is also a surprising 8 cubic feet of storage space in the rear (12 c.f. if you stuff it to the roof). Also, by utilizing the folding passenger seat, you can even haul a set of skis in the Smart Car!
Fuel Economy:
EPA testing procedures estimate the 2008 Smart Car's mileage ratings at 33 mpg in the city and 41 mpg on the highways. Even if you're constantly thrashing these little beauties, you're still going to save huge at the pump. As a matter of fact, according to http://fueleconomy.gov, the Smart Car is "the most fuel-efficient non-hybrid gasoline-powered vehicle in the USA today." The fuel tank itself has a volume of 8.7 gallons.
Safety and Crash Test Results:
Amazingly, the Smart Car is exalted for its superior safety features. As stated by the company, "When you are on the leading edge of vehicle efficiency and small vehicle design, the issue of safety is a critical element. The "Tridion Cell" technology of the Smart Car is likened to the casing of a walnut - what's inside is protected by a hardened outside shell that is designed to distribute external forces with great efficiency.
Both longitudinal and traverse framing members act to instantly displace impact forces and protect the precious cargo - you! The forces are distributed over a large area of the car instead of being centralized. Front and rear bumpers of solid steel are bolted to the safety cell frame to yield strong resistance to opposing forces. The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) granted the Smart Car its highest rating for frontal and side crash tests.
The 73.5 inch wheelbase ensures that most side impacts will contact the tires and wheels first and then be further absorbed by the framing members. The doors are also reinforced with steel framing. In addition to a collapsible steering column, airbags, anti-lock brakes, safety belt pre-tensioners and limiters, stability control, and brake force distribution, Smart Car offers some additional unique safety features:
- modular steel-integrated headrests
- automatic fuel delivery disabler
- electronic speed limiter (90 mph)
- CBC cornering brake control system
- BAS electronic brake assist
- ASC accelerated skid control system
- ETC engine torque control system
- HSA hill start assist manual transmission
Wow! - that's more advanced safety features than almost any other vehicle in production, regardless of its size. In short, the Smart Car addresses your concerns for safety thoroughly and comprehensively.
Engine Specs:
There are three trims of the 2008 Smart Car available: the ForTwo Pure; the ForTwo Passion Coupe and the ForTwo Passion Cabriolet. All come stock with a 1.0L 71hp 3-cylinder Mercedes-Benz engine with a 5-speed automated manual transmission. MSRPs are $11,590, $13,590 and $16,590 respectively.
Is the Smart Car right for you?
Sacrifice some space and speed and the Smart Car can be a practical choice. Quality engineering, the highest available safety ratings, the highest gas mileage, sporty styling, affordable pricing and the world's best conversation piece are strong incentives. And with worldwide sales quickly approaching the 1 million unit mark, the Smart Car may be more than a cute, passing little fad.
Toyota Camry: Exploring its Amazing Success
Popular, Right From the Beginning
The Toyota Camry, since its introduction in 1983 has become one of the bestselling cars in the United States. The first models rolling into showrooms were a boxy, basic sedan and a hatchback which engaged consumers by their straightforward appearance and practical engine choices. The primary reasons why the Toyota Camry has remained one of the top selling vehicles on the market are its affordable price, high crash test ratings, quality materials, and, most recently, the hybrid addition to the badge.
The Camry Then and Now
Originally, the Camry came with a 92 horsepower 2.0L I4, 1.8L I4, or a 74 horsepower 2.0L turbo diesel I4. Now buyers can opt for a 158 horsepower 2.4L DOHC I4, a hybrid version of the same engine (less ten horsepower), or a 268 horsepower 3.5L DOHC V6. This range of options let buyers feel like they were in control and could build a Camry around their own personal specifications. Also, with manual or automatic transmission choices and a number of standard features, the Toyota Camry was far ahead of the rest.
The Current Standard of Quality and Value
Camry has evolved into a fully equipped sedan that consumers know as a standard in the automotive industry. Initially, owners were impressed with front-wheel drive and an overdrive feature that saved on gasoline on both manual and automatic transmission options. The 2009 model is stocked with advanced features like halogen headlamps, solar-energy absorbing glass, and 17-inch alloy wheels. Currently base priced at $19,145, the Camry beats both the Honda Accord and Hyundai Azera.
Features Consumers Value Most
One of the most appealing aspects of the Camry has always been its impressive safety features, manifested in the IHTSA repeatedly awarding the model with the highest in crash test ratings for both frontal and side impact. U.S. News and World Report, Edmunds.com, and Car and Driver have all given the Camry high marks for its safety features, and most recently, U.S. News and World Report gave the Toyota Camry 9.0 out of 10.0 in safety. At present, the model comes equipped with front and rear crumple zones, an anti-lock brake system, a tire pressure monitoring system, and a collapsible steering column.
Economical to Own, Operate and Maintain
With thousands of older model Camrys still travelling the roads, many media outlets have taken notice, and many are calling it one of the least problematic vehicles. With companies like Edmunds and Yahoo! calculating the "True Cost to Own" of vehicles at the present time, the Camry has come out on top. "True Cost to Own" factors in price of expected repairs, normal maintenance, environmental issues, and gasoline costs. Though it is not the lowest in its category, the Camry is judged to have a moderate cost to own over the course of five years at $40,668 - compared to the Nissan Maxima's $50,023.
Camry Keeps its Value and Maintains its Edge
The Toyota Camry Hybrid came out in 2006 and has sold well, owing to its impressive fuel efficiency at 33 mpg city and 34 mpg highway and moderate price, at around $26,150. Overall, there is a wealth of reasons why the Toyota Camry has been a staple in the American automotive industry. Trade-in values for the Camry range from a 2000 model in good condition at around $5,000 to a 2008 at about $17,000 - compared to Honda Accord's 2000 model year at $4,500 and a 2008 Honda Civic at only $14,000. Simply put, the Camry's respected reputation has been earned. The only models that have come even close to the success of the Camry are Toyota's other classic sedan, the Corolla, and the Honda Accord.
The Civic: Exploring Honda's Amazing Success
Basic Transportation in a Struggling Economy
The Civic debuted initially in 1972 (the 1973 model). With gasoline prices climbing, America in recession and the oil embargo just around the corner, timing could not have been better. Cheap and dependable, there was nothing fancy about it. Not even an FM radio. The marketing focus of the Honda Civic, was to portray a car that was inexpensive to buy, inexpensive to operate and inexpensive to maintain.
Honda Fills a Need for Fuel Economy and Affordability
Civic has earned the trust of its owners over the years as a well-built vehicle with good dependability and a high resale value. Four-star NHTSA crash test ratings have also endeared it to small families. Two other attractive characteristics are the low price and appreciable fuel economy. Base price for the newest Civic is just $15,205. This in spite of a 140 horsepower, 1.8 liter I4 engine that gets up to 26 mpg city or 36 mpg highway. There is a choice of five-speed transmission, either automatic or manual.
New Car Buyers Line Up for Civic
Civic sales figures for May, 2008 were a stunning 53,229, bringing the year to date total to 164,925. Compare that to "record" sales of 30,165 in September 2005. In September 2003 sales for all Hondas in America was 93,779, less than twice that of the Civic alone for May, 2008.
Civic's closest competitors are all Japanese. Toyota Corolla, and Camry both sold over 50,000 units in May of 2008. Honda Accord was a distant fourth with less than 45,000 units sold. The nearest American competitor was the Ford F-Series, which sold almost 43,000. The nearest American passenger car was the Ford Focus, with less than 35,000 units.
Honda Civic comes in five trims: DX, LX, EX, EX-L and Si. Standard features on the Civic include folding rear seatback, power windows and steering, remote adjustable outside mirrors, tilt and telescopic steering wheel and remote trunk release. Available features include power, heated mirrors; leather upholstery and leather wrapped steering wheel; heated seats; climate control and satellite radio.
The Honda Civic Hybrid, with its integrated motor assist system and its continuous variable transmission debuted in 2002 (2003 model). It won International Engine of the Year from 2002-2004 and Best Fuel Economy from 2003-2004. Mileage for the Hybrid reaches 45 mpg highway.
This vehicle is perceived by the price conscious consumers as a double value due to the reasonable cost and better than average fuel efficiency. While the Honda Civic won't appeal to those looking for sexy sports cars or big SUVs, it seems poised to hold its place as America's best selling vehicle for a long time to come. The Honda Civic has become more than a best selling automobile; it has also become a benchmark for the automotive industry.
Lower Gas Prices and the Presidential Election
The precipitous fall in gas prices the third quarter of 2008 is giving drivers a break from $100.00 fillups but is being viewed with guarded optimism as only a fleeting deferment. Gas prices fell approximately 30% since summer and may drop to $2.00 per gallon, some analysts cautiously predict .
The actions that commuters took to save money and conserve fuel this summer by carpooling, using public transit, and buying more fuel efficient cars are predicted to continue despite the drop in gas prices. Once people change their habits of daily living, they do not easily revert back to old patterns. Demand for gasoline has dropped by over four percent in just the last month; jet fuel demand has dropped by over 9 percent.
OPEC Balancing Act
This drop in demand has OPEC members considering cutting back production to cause prices to rise, but they are aware that too much of a cutback will worsen the economic crisis, a big mistake for them in the long run. OPEC oil prices at $147.27 on July 11 have now dropped by more than fifty percent to $66 per barrel.
How to Get Along with Less Gasoline
- Carpool, use public transit, bicycle, walk
- Drive at or just under the speed limit. Remove unnecessary weight from your vehicle. Cut down on wind resistance by removing the ski rack or other roof equipment.
- Coast up to a stop sign. Accelerate slowly from a stop. Give the car ahead plenty of room in slow traffic to minimize the use of braking.
- Telecommute or ask to switch to flex-time to avoid commuter traffic.
- Own and drive an alternative fuel vehicle.
Was the Price of Gas Artificially High to Begin With?
Some economists feel that this explanation is a bit too neat and clean; it cannot all boil down to supply and demand; drivers cutting back may not be the entire reason. Recently a consultant on petroleum issues testified before a Senate subcommittee on gasoline pricing during which he could not explain the high prices seen this summer by applying market fundamentals, and could not rule out the possibility that decisions are now being made for political reasons to adjust gas prices down to the market normal to coincide with the election.
Drivers are Adapting
Regardless of the causes of the sudden drop in gas prices, or the peak prices we experienced this summer, drivers are continuing to make adjustments to their commute habits by using public transit, carpooling, buying more fuel efficient vehicles, and hypermiling, the savings from which will probably not be immediately fed back into the economy, but will be sequestered away in preparation for tough times.
Regardless of the price of gas, there are important reasons to drive less and conserve fuel.
- With billions of fewer miles driven than last year, motorists noted a decrease in auto accidents and fatalities this year.
- Every gallon less of gas burned emits 20 pounds less carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
- Less reliance on Middle East oil.
- Slower depletion of non-replenishable natural resources.
Greenspan Says 'Oops"
Former Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan recently conceded that he was fundamentally wrong for believing that deregulated banks would act responsibly in their lending practices for the sake of their shareholders. As we brace for the "once in a century economic crisis", we are reassured that we can have some effect on the economy by acting on our belief that conserving fuel and other natural resources, and curbing wasteful habits can bring about positive change.
On the other hand, smaller banks, savings and loans and the financial arms of various automakers, such as Chrysler Credit Corporation or GMAC (the so-called "captives"), are much more restricted. Captives are hurt not only by default on loans, but by other losses sustained by their parent companies. Local banks and savings and loans, which do a volume business in auto loans, are likely to be hurt by defaults and other results of job losses during the economic downturn.
All of them, including the "big boys," have to face the new credit restrictions brought on by government reforms. The end result is that there will be loan money for cars available, but not in the bulk buyers are used to. The result, according the National Automobile Dealers Association, may be the closing of as many as seven hundred car dealerships across the nation.
So much for the sellers and lenders. What about Joe Six-Pack, or as he is now renamed, Joe the Plumber?
Curt Beaudouin is vice president of Moody's Investors Service, a financial analysis and research company. Mr. Beaudouin suggests that for years buyers have been, with the blessing of lenders, buying more car than they could afford. He expects that to change. Buyers will now be more careful making sure they can fit new car financing into their budgets.
Those who are "upside down" in their cars, meaning they owe more than the value of the car, will be stuck driving what they have until they catch up. The same for those with bad credit. Others will be shopping for used cars, maybe even older models, to qualify for credit. Leasing will remain an option, but not to the extent it has been. Chrysler Credit has stopped all lease lending, and other lenders are cutting back. A substantial number of potential new car buyers will be hanging on to their current vehicles longer, especially since trade-in values have also plummeted.
Exact numbers are difficult to predict, but the rapid downsizing of the U.S. auto market is expected to last at least several months and maybe a few years. The short version is that automakers, autoworkers and auto dealers are likely to suffer, as are those with poor credit or who have made excessive use of their credit. In the short term, the only winners will be those with excellent credit or cash in hand.
Rapid Downsizing of the U.S. Auto Market
Automakers were in trouble even before the collapse of the credit market. Twenty-seven billion dollars worth of trouble for Ford and GM alone, just for the first six months of 2008. Projections are for two billion more from each company in third quarter losses.
While American automakers are the worst hit, the rapid downsizing of the U.S. auto market is touching everyone in the industry. Toyota, for instance, is cutting their annual sales forecast for 2008 by 26 percent. After posting their worst sales month in twenty-five years, BMW is slashing production and preparing for a price war, hoping they can get rid of current inventories.
Other stories differ in specifics, but not in basics. U.S. auto sales, down 32 percent across the board, are the lowest since 1983. European automakers are about the same, on average, and Japanese automakers are heading in that direction. To compensate, automakers are already cutting overtime, and will likely cut some jobs and suspend others.
There is a ray of good news in all this, in a backhanded sort of way. If you have the money, or can borrow it, prices are about to take a big drop on almost any car you want to own. Few people have the money in hand, of course, so the question is, can they borrow?
There is credit out there, but it is getting harder to find. The big banks - Bank of America, CitiBank, Wells Fargo and their ilk, are not really affected. They are so diversified in their loan portfolios that they can afford to keep lending on automobiles. But in the current economic situation they are not likely to loosen their requirements or add to their available loan capital, so the number of people they serve is expected to remain static.
New Car Safety Ratings
New car buyers compare fuel economy, looks and performance when shopping for new cars. Passenger safety is another important factor that some people take for granted, not realizing that their safety can vary significantly depending on the vehicles they drive. Government agencies such as the NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration) and the IIHS (Insurance Institute for Highway Safety) run crash test programs that have been proven to save lives by documenting the safety weaknesses of some vehicles.
The NHTSA is responsible for setting and enforcing automobile safety standards, including the licensing of automobile manufacturers and car importers. Through its New Car Assessment Program (NCAP), the NHTSA prevents dangerous vehicles from being sold in the US and guides the implementation of safe design in automobile manufacture. An example of this is the effort that Chinese automakers have made to upgrade their vehicles to an acceptable level of safety in order to establish a market in the US.
Crash tests duplicate the forces that are brought to bear during an actual accident and, through the use of telemetry attached to crash test dummies, high-speed cameras, and rigid control of other variables, are able to compare one vehicle to another. Unless a new vehicle achieves a passing grade in these tests, it may not be allowed on showroom floors.
NHTSA 5-Star Rollover Resistance Rating
The tendency for a vehicle to roll over in an accident is determined in part by the track width and center of gravity of the vehicle. The track width is the distance between the centers of the right and left wheels. Many rollover events occur due to other factors including evasive or panic steering causing the vehicle to skid against a raised or depressed surface, such as a curb or shallow ditch. Rollover accidents caught the public's attention during the ten years that the Ford Explorer experienced a high rate of rollovers causing over 300 fatalities, allegedly attributed to the Firestone tires on which the vehicles were mounted.
Frontal Crash Rating
Since about half of the approximately 30,000 car crash fatalities which occur each year are due to frontal crashes, the test results for safety in this scenario are viewed as the keystone of a car's safety profile. Full-width and offset 40 mpg frontal crash tests complement each other by evaluating not only the passenger restraint system, but also the structural integrity of the occupant compartment. Since the mass of the vehicle affects the degree of damage it sustains in frontal impact crashes, results of frontal crashes can only be compared to vehicles of the same weight.
Side Impact Rating
The safety cage that envelopes a vehicle's occupants must be able to withstand an impact from any direction. In recent years, the fatality rate for side impact crashes has outstripped that of frontal accidents. SUV and pickup truck height mismatches compared to passenger cars is largely the reason. IIHS statistics show that 60 percent of driver deaths occurred from side impacts in cars hit on the driver's side by SUVs and pickups. Passenger side airbags and steel-reinforced door beams have been shown to save lives in these types of accidents.
Rear Impact Rating
Head restraint geometry is the most important factor in reducing whiplash type neck injuries in rear impact crashes. For a head restraint to minimize the effects of a rear impact, it needs to be positioned no farther away from the occupant's head than 4 inches. The restrain must also be as high as the head's center of gravity.
2009 Vehicles with 5-STAR SAFETY RATINGS.
Passenger Car
2009 Acura RL - Frontal, Side Impact, Rear Impact, Rollover - 5 Stars
2009 Mazda6 - Frontal, Side Impact, Rear Impact, Rollover - 5 Stars.
Pickup
2009 Chevrolet Colorado - Frontal, Side Impact, Rear Impact, Rollover - 5 Stars
2009 Chevrolet Silverado 1500 Extended Cab - Frontal, Side Impact, Rear Impact, Rollover - 5 Stars.
SUV
2009 Acura MDX - Frontal, Side Impact, Rear Impact - 5 Stars, Rollover - 4 Stars
2009 Ford Flex - Frontal, Side Impact, Rear Impact - 5 Stars, Rollover - 4 Stars.
Minivan
2009 Chrysler Town and Country - Frontal, Side Impact, Rear Impact, Rollover - 5 Stars
2009 Mercury Grand Marquis - Frontal, Side Impact, Rear Impact, Rollover - 5 Stars.
According to 2007 legislation, the New Car Assessment Program test results are to be posted on each new vehicle's MSRP sticker, otherwise known as the Monroney Label. The "Stars for Cars" results display the 5-star safety ratings awarded by the NHTSA and are to be applied within 30 days of the recording of the results.
The 2009 Mazda Tribute Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) is the most recent addition to the Mazda line-up. It is as convenient and spacious as the regular Tribute - and it incorporates electric motors to increase fuel economy while simultaneously reducing emissions. MSRPs range from $25,310 up to $29,570 for this midsized hybrid SUV that seats 5 comfortably. The NHTSA says that you are safe driving one too; it awarded the Tribute HEV 4 stars for driver's side frontal crash tests and a perfect 5 stars for the passenger side.
With a basic warranty that serves you for 48 months or 50,000 miles, the 2009 Tribute Hybrid is known for dependable performance. The hybrid-based power produces fuel efficiency ratings comparable to the Ford Escape Hybrid, at 30/34 mpg city/highway (29/27 for the AWD trims). That is very nice in today's fuel-hungry societies where gasoline prices are at odds with most people's pocketbooks.
There are four trims available: 2 front-wheel-driven and 2 all-wheel-driven. They are called the Touring and Grand Touring FWD and AWD and all come with an impressive array of standard features for both safety and luxury. Occupancy sensors, rear door child safety locks, panic alarms, content theft deterrent systems, ignition disablers, first aid kits and tire pressure monitors are all included stock. There is also an airbag embedded just about anywhere you look.
The 2009 Tribute HEV can cruise at speeds up to 25 miles per hour by using its electric motors by themselves - that means zero fuel expenditure. There is also a cool, innovative technology employed that utilizes the braking system to automatically recharge the batteries. And speaking of braking, 4-wheel ABS in also included standard on all trims. Body measurements are 174.9" x 71.1" x 68" (L x W x H) with 8.5" of ground clearance. The gross vehicle weight is 4680 pounds for the FWD trims and 4800 pounds for the AWD trims. The wheelbase for all trims is 103.1".
All trims are driven by a 2.3L 133hp I4 DOHC engine that is assisted by its electric counterparts. When combined with the 2-speed CVT transmission, the Tribute Hybrid pumps out 124 ft-lb of torque. Maximum cargo capacity is 66.2 cubic feet making the 2009 Tribute HEV great for hauling all of your gear - or kids - to your favorite outdoor activities. Its appearance is conservative, yet it still looks like it can handle itself in off-road situations. Overall, the 2009 Mazda Tribute Hybrid is making good ground for sales in its class and offers considerable value and serious dependability.
The 2009 Dodge Durango Hybrid is an exciting new addition to the Dodge lineup. It is available in a singular trim, the Limited HEV 4-door 4WD, and features a 5.7L 345hp Hemi-V8 that incorporates the Dodge Multi-Displacement System (MDS). This impressive engine is complimented by a 300 volt NiMH battery for power storage and two separate 87hp electric motors. Used in conjunction with the electronically-variable four speed automatic transmission, all of these drivetrain features are what comprise the Dodge Dual-Mode Hybrid technology system. Fuel economy ratings from the EPA are 20 mpg city and 22 mpg highway.
The full-size SUV handles with impressive stability. It is a sharp looker too. The inside is spacious and quiet. Its comfortable cabin is graced with high-quality, nicely-designed materials that act to increase the driving experience. The MSRP for the 2009 Durango Hybrid is $45,040 and it features seating capacity for up to 8. The standard warranty has you covered completely for 36 months or 36,000 miles.
Frontal crash tests from the NHTSA earned 5 stars for both drivers and passengers. There is an impressive list of standard safety features that includes electronic stability control, frontal and side curtain airbags for all three seating rows, ABS and driveline traction control, front and rear height-adjusting seat belts, daytime running lights, headlight washers and tire pressure monitors. Of course, there are many optional features available as well to further increase safety levels.
All Durangos are known for their aggressive styling and the 2009 Hybrid is no different. Although it is a large vehicle, measuring 202.1 x 76 x 73.6 inches (l x w x h), it looks compact from the outside. Its rounded corners minimize exterior bulk and enhance aerodynamic performance while simultaneously reducing cabin noise levels. Every imaginable combination of optional features is available. If you want it, you can get it. The standard concealed cargo spaces with easy-to-use cargo tie-downs are a popular sell point as well.
A voice recognition entertainment system comes stock featuring 9 separate Alpine speakers, steering wheel controls, SIRIUS Radio, in-dash mounted CD changer, MP3 compatibility, an automatic equalizer function and a 369W premium amplifier. Oh yeah, of course the navigational system is voice activated too - and it is also a standard feature. It serves as direct competition for the Ford Expedition, Chrysler Aspen Hybrid, the Chevrolet Suburban 2500 and the Buick Enclave. Of those, only the Aspen Hybrid is pricier, but 4 of the 5 are within 1400 dollars of one another. The Enclave is the least expensive by about 4 grand.
Considering its competition, the 2009 Dodge Durango Hybrid is probably the best looking from the exterior views. It also claims to be the class leader in interior styling, roominess and comfort. With a long, impressive list of standard features for both safety and luxury, the Durango hybrid is sure to be a big hit. It would truly be difficult to find a better combination at a similar price point.
Their sound sends a shrill through our spines on race weekends. The engine that powers a F1 car is different compared to a normal car’s engine. But how different are they? This topspeed.com special article gives you an exclusive insight on F1 engines that should answer all your questions.
Close to 5000 parts have to be put together to build a F1 engine. So a week and 750hp later, the work is declared complete. Weighing less than 100 kg, a F1 engine has 8 cylinders in a 90 degree V-angle and displace 2.4 liters. They have two inlet and two exhaust valves per cylinder which are reciprocating poppet type. At full throttle the engines rev up to 20,000 rpm and consume around 60 liters of petrol for 100km of distance covered. These engines are made from forged Aluminium alloy, because of the weight advantages and higher heat dissipation capability it has in comparison to steel. Dry sump lubrication system is used which helps in achieving a lower centre of gravity and avoidance of oil sloshing during hard cornering. The oil gets recirculated and thus fresh oil arrives to lubricate the engine components 3 to 4 times every minute. The engine is mounted in between the monocoque and the gearbox thus making the car a mid-engined one.
A smooth and consistent delivery of power is crucial for enabling the driver to place the car continually on the edge of traction and avoid sliding or spinning out. This translates to a flat torque curve, ie a constant production of torque across the useful rev range, and therefore a linear power curve. To ensure the responsiveness of the engine (easy to accelerate/decelerate), the inertia of the rotational components such as the pistons and crankshaft should be less. Utilizing lightweight materials might be one solution but only to an extent as they can hamper low-end torque. Revving at massive speeds again can only be up to a certain limit beyond which there is drastic increase in engine friction and the accelerative force on the pistons at maximum operating condition is nearly equal to 9000 times gravitational force.
A F1 engine has a lifetime that spans to about 400km before it is overhauled. Thus, the stress it goes through during its lifetime is by no means easy as it has to withstand heat, g-forces and maximum rpm’ without failing. Periodic factory tests are unable to fully simulate the g-forces, airflow/cooling characteristics, and track surface vibrations encountered in racing. Thus track testing is still invaluable as a source of information when looking at reliability. Engineers use telemetry data to study the various engine components. In addition, the Bi-Telemetry technology is also used to maximize reliability by allowing the team to control some aspects like the engine’s rev range or switching to the spare oil reservoir from a remote location during a race.
Just above the driver’s head is an air inlet that supplies air to the engine. It is commonly thought that the purpose of this airbox is to force air into the engine like a supercharger, but the airbox does the opposite. Between the airbox and the engine there is a carbon-fiber duct that gradually widens out as it approaches the engine. This it provides a constant pressure and speed of air intake regardless of outside weather conditions, at all parts of the track including tight corners. This results in the increase of volumetric efficiency. The role of Computational Fluid Dynamics is eminent as it used to simulate and predict gas flow through these passages.
Proper cooling is a vital aspect of any internal combustion engine. Even an advanced modern F1 engine is relatively inefficient when it comes to converting the power available from the fuel/air mixture into power at the rear wheels. The engines produce about 1750kW of heat that must be expelled to the atmosphere through the radiators and the exhaust, which can reach temperatures of over 1000 degrees Celsius. The radiators, are located in the sidepods, to the right and left of the engine contain around three litres of coolant, which aid in maintaining the engine at optimum working temperatures. Airflow is controlled by different configurations of radiator outlet to cope with all manner of conditions. The configuration used at a particular circuit is defined according to the ambient temperatures, circuit factors such as how much full throttle is used, and the temperature limits that an engine can run at. A Formula One engine is 20% more efficient at turning fuel into power than even the most economical small car.
A Formula 1 car’s exhaust serves a purpose just like any other road car’s – it takes hot gases away from the engine and expels them safely at the back of the car. The intricate welding and precision design of the exhaust looks closer to a work of automotive art. In order for the bodywork to be as aerodynamically efficient as possible at the rear of the car, the exhaust system is designed to fit as tightly around the engine as possible. Therefore, a successful exhaust design serves two purposes – maximizing engine performance and minimizing aerodynamic compromises. Hence the pipes of the exhaust system are individually tuned in length, diameter and curvature as to minimize blockage and ensure that the gases to/from the cylinders do not interfere with each other.
After two failed attempts to get emergency bridge loans from Congress, General Motors and Chrysler LLC received good news today when President George W. Bush announced as much as $17.4 billion in immediate aid to stave off the collapse of the companies.
Before month's end, Chrysler will receive $4 billion with GM tapping into $4 billion with a second $5.4 billion forthcoming on January 16. Subject to Congressional action, GM may be able to access an additional $4 billion on February 17.
In terms similar to those contained in the failed Congressional package, the companies have been given a deadline of March 31 to produce plans for long term viability including the ability to be competitive with foreign brands imported to the United States.
In his remarks the President said allowing one or both companies to go into bankruptcy "would not be a responsible course of action." Additionally Bush said he accepted the industry's contention that consumers would not buy vehicles from a company in bankruptcy.
"If you hear that a car company is suddenly going into bankruptcy, you worry that parts and servicing will not be available, and you question the value of your warranty,'' he said.
Under the terms of the agreement executive compensation will be limited as will other perks and warrants for nonvoting stock will be required. The loans funds are being drawn from the $700 billion Troubled Asset Relief Program originally targeted for troubled financial institutions.
